Increasing numbers of prosthetic joint infection (PJI) are encountered in clinical practice due to the growing number of prosthetic joints being implanted. PJI may be challenging to diagnose; misdiagnosis can result in mistreatment which can have adverse outcomes on the patient and the healthcare industry. In this presentation, Dr. Patel will review the pathogenesis, microbiology, and diagnosis of PJI. She will highlight the diagnosis of PJI, both pre-operatively and, if not established before surgery, intra-operatively. She will cover new approaches for PJI diagnosis, such as biomarkers, as well as improved culture techniques, including tissue culture in blood culture bottles and methods directed at sampling biofilms on implant surfaces.