The gonococcus has presented some considerable challenges in recent times. Notably, rates of Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) infection have continued to increase, almost doubling in Australia in the last five years, and antimicrobial resistant-NG strains continue to emerge and threaten current treatments. Overall the current evidence suggests we are fast losing control of this emerging superbug, and highlights the need for renewed efforts to ensure individuals at risk of NG infection are tested, accurately diagnosed and appropriately treated. This talk will focus on key issues associated with NG diagnosis and treatment as well as how new tools are being used to enhance NG detection and characterisation. These issues include: “limitations” of NG nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) which are now the bread-and-butter technology used for NG diagnosis; addressing barriers to individuals seeking NG testing and treatment particularly in Indigenous communities; enhancing NG AMR surveillance in remote settings, and using new molecular tools to provide alternative NG treatment strategies.